Stages of Dementia and Activity Levels:
Understanding Memory Care and Dementia
A dementia diagnosis can be very intimidating to individuals and their families. It signals a decline in cognitive abilities, and there isn’t a cure for most memory disorders. Many also fear that the individual affected will no longer be able to engage in activities for their enjoyment or benefit.
People with memory care disorders at all stages can still enjoy activities, even if that participation looks different. Dementia is a memory disorder that refers to the loss of memory, language, and cognitive abilities that affects the ability to function in everyday life. It’s important to know the stages as well as the activities and levels of participation that are best for each stage.
Early-Stage Dementia:
Individuals who are impacted by early-stage dementia may still be able to function independently. Although individuals may still participate in their daily routine, you may start to notice signs of memory decline, like misplacing their keys. Symptoms start to have some impact on the person’s life. Other common symptoms include:
Memory lapses: forgetting or losing items around the house, frequent difficulty finding the right word in conversation, inability to recall recent events
Difficulty in planning and problem-solving: confusion is more common, and individuals affected by dementia have trouble planning and making complex choices
Increasing irritability or anxiety: mood changes may arise at this stage, where anxiety and depression become more common. Signs of these mood changes include withdrawal from hobbies or socialization and lack of self-confidence
In the early stages, most individuals can still participate in regular recreational activities. Memory impairment may become evident, especially with memory-related games. Activities that are most helpful at this stage involve storytelling, memory activities such as word searches and puzzles, and self-expression activities such as painting or singing along to music. Though practicing memory activities may seem counterintuitive, it can be beneficial for people with dementia to help jog their memory.
Middle-Stage Dementia:
The middle stage of dementia presents changes and symptoms that become much more noticeable, especially to family and friends of those affected. At this point in the disease, many individuals need either reminders or physical assistance with completing activities of daily living (ADLs). Common ADLs include bathing, dressing, and toileting. Symptoms include:
Memory decline: Individuals who experience dementia have more difficulty recognizing people in their lives at this stage, and repetition of the same question is common. They may also forget basic information about themselves, such as their phone number, age, and home address
Confusion increases: People with dementia at this stage tend to get more easily confused about where they are and the time of day, and this may lead to wandering
Hallucinations and delusions: Middle-stage dementia often presents issues related to paranoia and seeing or hearing things that are not real. Common delusions among individuals with dementia are that someone is stealing from them or that a lover is cheating on them
During the middle stage of dementia, many people still desire to participate in recreational activities but may need prompting to start or continue engagement. The best activities for this stage include cognitive skills (such as daily living tasks like folding laundry), easy physical activities such as guided walks, memory activities like watching an old movie, and sorting.
Late-Stage Dementia:
This stage of dementia causes a very significant impact on the lives of those who have dementia, and often on their caregivers as well. At this point, individuals require full-time, 24/7 care, available around the clock, and need physical assistance with every activity of daily living. It’s very common to see drastic personality changes and a loss of ability to control their movement or respond to most of the world around them. Symptoms include:
Difficulty or loss of ability to communicate
Increased emotional distress, restlessness, and fear
Physical immobility: difficulty walking, eating, and swallowing, and incontinence is common at this stage
Individuals who are at the severe stage of dementia have limited abilities to communicate and experience increased emotional difficulty due to memory loss. At this stage, activities should be focused on providing sensory comfort and gentle stimulation to impacted individuals. Even if individuals are unable to communicate, they can still enjoy sensory activity participation, meaning that engagement is important at this stage.
Activities that best support individuals at this stage are gentle stretches, pet therapy, holding hands, and looking at old photos. Social interaction is still important at this stage, regardless of the affected individual’s ability to talk. Friends, family, and caregivers can accomplish this by telling stories or reading to the individual as well.
Despite the challenges that dementia brings, people with dementia can still find comfort and enjoyment from participating in recreational activities that are fun and mindful of their abilities. It is important to consider that some activities may have to be significantly modified to meet the needs of individuals with moderate to severe dementia, as their cognitive and physical abilities will decline over time. In addition, during the progression of the disease, they may show disinterest in hobbies they’ve previously enjoyed, so new activities may have to replace old ones.
Though a dementia diagnosis can be challenging for individuals and their families, recreational activities are a great way to navigate those difficulties and provide stimulation and enjoyment. By utilizing activities that play to the individual’s strengths and capabilities, memory care patients and their caregivers will see positive outcomes. Memory care facilities can offer great assistance for dementia patients and their families, providing activities that are tailored to the needs and capabilities of individuals with dementia. Lansdowne Heights offers 24/7 recreational activities for the residents in its memory care facility in Leesburg VA, providing a variety of entertainment and engagement that has something for every resident. If you or your loved one is struggling with a memory care disorder, we can help. Schedule your private tour today!
